Ralph Lauren Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ralph Lauren Corporation - Essay Example Today the organization is working 179full-administrations stores, 171 processing plant stores, and 281discounted based shop outlets. Diverse renowned brands incorporate Polo Ralph Lauren, Black Label, Purple Label, RLX Denim and sportswear for tennis, and sportswear for golf. The brands for ladies were additionally propelled by Ralph Lauren; Black Label, Blue Label, RLX Lauren Ralph Lauren, and Denim and Supply for ladies. The brands for kids incorporate Ralph Lauren Children wears, Baby Ralph Lauren, etc.Other little scope design brands incorporate Club Monaco, Chap, and American Living. Polo Sport, Polo Denim, Ralph Lauren pants co. what's more, blue name were different renowned brands of the company.The companies running the eateries under the name of RL and under the Rugby Ralph Lauren branding.Operating any organization at such a major level as Ralph Lauren is a troublesome undertaking. The administration head should be intelligent and quick scholars. The dynamic gatherings must be experienced. Distinctive showcasing devices help the bigger organizations to make their advertising procedures fruitful and take their company to the elevated level of accomplishment. Showcasing instruments assume significant job in the technique building process for ad of the brands and companies.A advertising procedure is a general advancement plot intended to experience the needs and necessities of shoppers. The thought ought to be established on solid arms. Various techniques will at that point be locked in to make certain focuses that the advancement plan is proficiently and very much conveyed. Promoting systems are the handles utilized by the showcasing segment. The promoting area will embark to group the utmostsuitable apparatuses to accomplish most extreme benefits and produce incomes. These showcasing strategies incorporate purchaser advancing efforts advertising, exchange and, retail location materials, publication, exposure and deals writing

PAPER ON DOCUMENTARY PRAY THE DEVIL BACK TO HELL ON PBS Essay

PAPER ON DOCUMENTARY PRAY THE DEVIL BACK TO HELL ON PBS - Essay Example The initially Christian ladies bunch realized that they need to urge Muslim ladies to join their motivation. Together they had fashioned an imposing union deserving of being seen by the warring men. Leymah Gbowee assumed the significant job in the women’s harmony development through the gathering she had sorted out known as the Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace. She was assigned as Coordinator of the gathering however fundamentally the whole development was her brainchild. At a certain point during their fights, some went to the degree of calling her General Leymah and an experience resulted for her to be captured for deterrent of equity. Asatu Bah Kenneth assumed a fundamental job as an individual from the Liberian National Police. Her situation in the administration made her a compatriot on what's going on the forefronts. It was upon the data she gave on April 1, 2003 that they became mindful that the war had quite recently arrived at its most elevated pressure. Janet Johnson Bryant then turned into the following bit of the riddle as writer for Radio Veritas. The story became feature and the women’s development was made known to a bigger crowd. The gathering chose to send Asatu and Etweda ‘Sugars’ to go to Sierra Leone where the agitators are to build up the group’s presence and evaluate the circumstance. The movement’s secretary, Vaiba Flome, was among the most decided and persuasive individual from the gathering speaking to other ladies to attest their capacity and take it to the avenues. These ladies had the option to show how harmony could be conceivable and that it is significant for ladies to play a functioning job when they see that something is outrageously going amiss in the public eye. The ladies made approaches to guarantee that they are paid attention to. They upheld assuaged and imaginative ways, for example, the sex strike to get men to tune in. The ladies running the lanes in their white shirt and failing to back down notwithstanding being subverted by the gatherings indicated fearlessness and strength. Their assurance made ready for

Blog Archive B-School Chart of the Week Which Schools Class of 2015 Received the Highest Average Starting Salaries

Blog Archive B-School Chart of the Week Which School’s Class of 2015 Received the Highest Average Starting Salaries Although quantifying a school’s profile certainly does not tell you everything, it can sometimes simplify the many differences among the various MBA programs. This week, we bring you a chart to help you decide which of the schools’ strengths speak to you. The graduates of top-ranked MBA programs typically receive hefty starting salaries. But which schools’ graduates captured the highest average starting pay? The numbers were largely similar among the 15 top-ranked business schools we surveyed, but the Class of 2015 at Harvard Business School (HBS) and the Stanford Graduate School of Business earned a slightly higher average salary than their peers: $130,000. At many programs, $125,000 appeared to be the magic number; such schools as the Kellogg School of Management and the University of Chicago Booth School of Business reported this figure as the average MBA starting salary for their 2015 graduates. Share ThisTweet B-School Charts Harvard University (Harvard Business School) Northwestern University (Kellogg) Stanford University (Stanford Graduate School of Business) University of Chicago (Booth)

Analysis Of Fences By August Wilson - 1612 Words

All people deal with emotions in everyday life and most will have problems controlling their emotions at some point in time. However, when emotions get out of hand people can start having problems in their daily life. In August Wilson s play Fences, he uses his piece to explain that someone unable to control their actions caused by selfish, hatred, or angry emotions will cause issues in one s personal life, general decisions, and in family life. Wilson hopes to target people who can t control their emotions and wishes to prevent the negative effects of uncontrolled actions caused by negative emotion. The inability to control one s emotions can harm their friends, decision making, and family. Wilson main reason of writing the play is to show the audience that uncontrolled emotion can be harmful in one s life. In Wilson s play, he uses the character Troy, a man who is a married man with a rough history and has anger issues. Troy personal life is heavily influenced by his emotion especially the anger from his past. Troy spends the majority of the play stating that he was unable to play baseball due to his race even though he claims to be better than the majority of players playing at the time. All through the play, Troy told Rose his wife, Cory, and Bano about how if he was white he would be a professional baseball player and how his life would be better (1.1.80-90). The main reason Wilson has Troy behave that way is to show how being angry in the past will hurt one sShow MoreRelatedFences Analysis On Fences By August Wilson1283 Words   |  6 Pages Fences Analysis In the play â€Å"Fences† by August Wilson the play’s attitude toward women is biased, and if the play was written by a female I think it would have a stronger feminine influence. Issues such as racism and discrimination against blacks may be raised in the play that the author did not bring up, and the women in the story somewhat do generally typify women in the 1950s. To support my interpretation, the women in the play were homebodies, just worrying about the household because theyRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson1179 Words   |  5 PagesFences, August Wilson The close reading process for this play occurs in three stages: 1. First Read (Days 2 and Day 3): Students are not to cold read the play during this period. It is essential for their understanding that this first read comes from a fluent adult reader or (less ideally) from a recording of the play. Teachers should pre-select moments of tension or surprise when students should stop and jot their thoughts, ideas and questions about the text. The suggested cues for the openRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson1340 Words   |  6 Pagescharacter who, for the most part, is a benevolent person, but suffers from his or her hamartia and hubris, which ultimately leads to their downfall and recognition of their poor choices, as well as the reversal of their situation. The play Fences written by August Wilson describes the struggles and hardships of an African-American family endeavoring to live the American Dream in the 1950s. Although some may argue that the main character, Troy, is not a tragic hero, evidence in the play fortifies that heRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson1251 Words   |  6 PagesFences by August Wilson is a play about African American life during the 1950’s era, it reflects a transitional time where African Americans begin to stand up and fight against racism. The father son relationship is a centering conflict within the play Fences. Throughout the play we are immersed into this complex connection of Troy and his two sons, Cory and Lyon. Troy struggles to create an identity separate from what is forced on him through an oppressive society. His battle with identity streamsRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson Essay1837 Words   |  8 PagesFences written by August Wilson, the setting reveals the man that Troy Maxson really is. The set of the play represents Troy Maxson’s character within the play where him and his family reside in a fenced in yard of Troy’s front porch, brick house. He is proud to provide a home for his family. However, Troy has not accomplished this achievement on his own. Which takes a toll on Troy when he realizes he has nothing to show for his life which leads Troy to feel ashamed of himself. 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China President Election Electing the NPC

With a population of 1.3 billion people, direct elections of national leaders in China would likely be a task of Herculean proportions. Thats why Chinese election procedures for its highest leaders are instead based on an elaborate series of representative elections. Heres what you should know about the National Peoples Congress and the election process in the Peoples Republic of China. What Is the National Peoples Congress? The National Peoples Congress, or NPC, is the supreme organ of state power in China. It is composed of deputies who are elected from various provinces, regions, and government bodies across the country. Each congress is elected for a five-year term.   The NPC is responsible for the following: Amending the constitution and overseeing its enforcement.Enacting and amending basic laws  governing criminal offenses, civil affairs, state organs, and other matters.Electing and appointing members  to central state organs, including the chairman, vice chairmen, secretary-general, and other members of the NPC Standing Committee. The NPC also elects the President and Vice-President of the Peoples Republic of China. In spite of these official powers, the 3,000-person NPC is largely a symbolic body, as members are not often willing to challenge leadership. Therefore, true political authority rests with the Chinese Communist Party, whose leaders ultimately set policy for the country. While the NPCs power is limited, there have been times in history when dissenting voices from the NPC have forced decision-making goals and policy reconsideration. How the Elections Work Chinas representative elections begin with a direct vote of the people in local and village elections operated by local election committees. In cities, the local elections are broken down by residential area or work units. Citizens 18 and older vote for their  village and local people’s congresses, and those congresses, in turn, elect the representatives to provincial people’s congresses. The provincial congresses in China’s 23 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities directly ruled by the Central Government, special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao, and armed forces then elect the roughly 3,000 delegates to the National People’s Congress (NPC). The National People’s Congress is empowered to elect China’s president, premier, vice president, and Chair of the Central Military Commission as well as the president of the Supreme People’s Court and the procurator-general of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate. The NPC also elects the NPC Standing Committee, a 175-member body made up of NPC representatives that meets year-round to approve routine and administrative issues. The NPC also has the power to remove any of the above-listed positions. On the first day of the Legislative Session, the NPC also elects the NPC Presidium, made up of 171 of its members. The Presidium determines the session’s agenda, voting procedures on bills, and a list of non-voting delegates that can attend the NPC session. Sources: Ramzy, A. (2016). Q. and A.: How China’s National People’s Congress Works. Retrieved October 18, 2016, from http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/05/world/asia/china-national-peoples-congress-npc.html The National Peoples Congress of the Peoples Republic of China. (n.d.). Functions and Powers of the National Peoples Congress. Retrieved October 18, 2016, from http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Organization/2007-11/15/content_1373013.htm The National Peoples Congress of the Peoples Republic of China. (n.d.). National Peoples Congress. Retrieved October 18, 2016, from http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Organization/node_2846.htm

Margaret Sanger, An American Nurse, Pioneered The Modern...

Margaret Sanger, an American nurse, pioneered the modern birth control movement in the United States. She began her movement in 1912, with the publication of information about women s reproductive concerns through magazine articles, pamphlets, and several books. In 1914, Margaret Sanger was charged with violating the Comstock Law, a federal legislation prohibiting the mailing of obscene material including information about birth control and contraceptive devices. Despite being imprisoned for her actions, she continued to publish information about birth control. On October 16, 1916, in Brooklyn, New York, Margaret Sanger along with her sister Ethel Byrne opened the first of several birth control clinics in America. In 1936 Congress revised†¦show more content†¦Norplant and Depo Provera are both types of injected contraceptives. Norplant consists of six flexible capsules that are inserted under the skin of a female s upper and are filled with progesterone that is released to p revent ovaries from releasing an egg. Norplant is 99% effective, but is also not protective against STD s and includes side effects such as irregular bleeding, headaches, nausea, and depression. Depo Provera, a contraceptive injection, is given to a woman by a doctor of health care professional in the arm or buttock every 12 weeks to prevent ovaries from releasing an egg and or to thicken cervical mucus to keep sperm from reaching the egg. It is also 99% effective and just like Norplant and birth control pills it does not protect against STD s. After discontinuing the use of Depo Provera, it may take up to two years before the woman becomes fertile again. Condoms can be bought in male and female forms. A male condom also called a rubber   or prophylactic   is a sheath of latex or animal tissue that is placed on the erect penis before it is inserted into the vagina to catch ejaculated semen, and, therefore, not allowing it to enter the woman s vagina. A female condom is a plast ic sac with a ring on each end that is inserted into the vagina to catch the male s semen as he ejaculates. The effectiveness of a male condom

Variation Orders In Highway Project In Sultanate Of Oman - Samples

Question: Discuss about Variation Orders In Highway Project In Sultanate Of Oman. Answer: Introduction Oman is a GCC country that has been part of a high growth especially in the construction sector plus a fast growth in the population. There is large group of young people coming in hence higher demand usually for housing plus other building start-ups at Muscat the capital city bringing in a tourism appeal, there are other construction sectors involving the industrial plus the transport at Sohar, Salalah plus Duqm sites also are the development of seaports and airports, the utilities, does do reconstruct the governmental buildings, some of the landmarks projects. As the saying goes where there are advantages, there are disadvantages too hence the construction project at Oman does do have its challenges (Ramady, 2014). The variations that are usually issued that is during construction happens to be time-consuming plus are also costly hence being causes of disruption, of delay, of disputes plus does do generate a cost effect and this gets worse for there is no method available for controlling this. The contracting that is performed in Oman is connected to the construction-type projects instead of the services together with the supplies contracts. Often some changes do occur that is during contract execution usually regarding the scope changes, some of the variations that are in quantities, the changes that are in design, the extension of time plus the unit rate changes. The Omans most used standard construction contract is The Standard Documents for Building Civil Engineering (Choi, 2004). The article 51 usually entitled Alterations, the additions plus the omissions, gives that variations that is to the original area usually of works are often permissible as; Engineer must make variations of the quality or rather the quantity of Works or rather any area approved by the Employer hence order the Contractor to acting by; raising or rather lowering the amount of any task , to making a difference in the trait or rather the quality, to omitting any job, to making a difference in the levels, the lines set themselves together with the dimensions and finally to running the added work. Some more issues will most certainly arise as a consequence of any variations to the original scope of works. Such issues will likely manifest in both lump-sum and cost-reimbursement contracts and will need to be quickly redressed to circumvent any future disputes. Some common problems that will likely arise include reimbursement for supplies in which the contractor had previously purchased in anticipation for individual works; future modifications to monthly payment terms and interim certificates; time extensions as they relate to variation claims; the amount of retention money; and adjustments to the original contract value (Sanderson, 2006). What to find out when assessing the differences usually in this construction projects is one the causes of variations, their impact that is on the project, the identifying of the beneficial groups. The tasks included the presentation of actual case studies and preparation of a questionnaire. The causes of variations are requesting for extra job or rather changes because of new findings plus some other considerations, the owner making some requests for modification of work, unclearly of scope requirements at design stage, the failure to making decisions when required, the non-availability that is of the field construction site engineers , a poor communication that is in between the relevant governmental units plus the owner, the non-availability usually of the previous completed project records, the failing to giving the right information to tender documents, the non-anticipation of the designs natural growth, design periods that are usually not realistic, the scarcity of the engineer ing registration that is for the engineers in Oman so as to ensuring excellent consultancy services is well maintained, the shortage of usually of the whole project planning, the building schedule is not real including the conditions often for building are old plus usually do not match the activities of development already present. So as to determine the impacts of variation construction in Oman they had to one, delay the completion date, the cost had to overruns, the contractors had to incur other expenses, the claims plus disputes then the owner, the designer/consultant, the contractor did get advantaged that is from the giving of the variations that is to the contract (Chartered Institute of building Great Britain, 2014) The recommendations is by the setting of activities so as to minimize the changes in building in Oman such as a standard document usually should be developed so as to develop the stages from the start of the project till end, while a permanent standard document should be designed so as to covering all the construction regulations then permitting the required that is for projects usually built in Oman, a quantity surveyor together with the project manager should work with large built projects plus a conventional learning database system should be constructed and distributed among the governmental units, the technical committee establishment so as to reviewing the overall plan and finally reviewing of the registration that is the consulting companies plus allowing the design engineer to practice without professional license. Challenges There are the economic problems that are the additional cost and the incremental time. There are the capacity or rather the professional challenges such as the insufficiency of knowledge that is on green technologies together with material, the limited availability that is the green suppliers plus the information, limitation of quantitative evaluation tools, insufficiency of the construction codes plus the changes plus the limitation of professional capacity (Konar, 2011). There are the societal challenges too that do include the inadequacy of the political incentives, the refusal to change the traditional building processes and the limitation of public awareness. The technological issues are like the lack of sustainable technologies workability, the misunderstanding of the technical activities plus the restriction of enough green technological specifications. Parties in projects in Oman are the project owner or maker, the employers engineering, the architectural and other consultants, the employers contractor, the contractors subcontractors plus the suppliers (Konar, 2011). The Delay Causes In Construction Plans According to Keane Caletka, (2015) the design delays, the changes possible in the initial layout, the complexity, the construction delay, the variations plus the claims, the change of scope, the financial ability, the insufficiency of funds, the unavailability of themanagement team, unspecialized subcontractors, limitation of project management, restriction of experience of the consultant, inadequacy of knowledge of that is by the contractors Literature Review The construction of office complex Objective Staying within a reasonable budget, development of the car parks meant for the staffs plus the public users, the building of a multi-storey building so as to accommodate 750 workers, the providence of comfortable plus a fast communication together with IT services that is for the public, the maintenance of security service there and the construction of the consensus in between the requirements plus the minor essentials (Orstavik, Dainty Abbott, 2015). There are some of the criteria that are desired like the materials selected that is to a high standard, construction of external view that is to be Oman's building styles, design fitting traits widening and private service roads to be as per Royal Oman Police standards plus the classifications. The construction of Container Terminal Objectives The building of a container terminal, building of breakwater system, giving a comfortable plus a fast services for usually the vessels, bringing up of the existing services, the construction of berths so as increasing the terminal cargo capacity, being within a reasonable budget, the making of consensus that is in between the already there services plus the services that are in the list of requirement. The construction of road Objective The building of 6 km of internal road network for the purpose of connecting the internal central blocks plus the expressway highway, the substantial earthworks, the construction of the roundabouts, the guard rails, the traffic signs, the installing of the street lighting that is for six km road length plus the ticking done on the roads, the building of Ripraps that is along the path slopes, fixing of pipes plus the box culverts plus the construction of parking areas together with the substations of the power so as to offering power of the road services The Fast Ferry Service Project Involves the building of the fast ferry service equipment usually at the north area of Oman with the activities there being the construction of berthing facilities, of bridges that are linked, of the pontoons, of the mooring piles, of the building of water plus the sewage networks, the construction of custom plus the immigrant buildings, rearrangement of wastewater. The stages involved feasibility stage, the concept plus design stage, the young stages plus the building plus the maintenance stage (Rickman, 2008). Others Case Studies Khalid 2012, an MSc. Thesis was done for taking controls of the variation orders usually in water plus the wastewater projects in Jordan with the main effect being conflict in between the contact forms, the mistakes plus those left out in the design, to unforeseen issues, to the project place conditions differences, to the insufficiency model , to the differences that is in specifications, in the inadequate working drawings, the change that is in design that is by consultant, effects of the variation orders be completion time plan delay, more of project cost , more in the overhead cost, more payments for procurement delay plus the contractors. Priyantha et al., (2011) shown that the highways aids in the economic growth of the upcoming countries. Variations here is one of the issues that does do arise because of unclear scopes that is of the tasks defined at the beginning. Its primary objective was for recognizing, the causes plus the impacts that are of variations usually in highways construction. Lanka which was just a survey, a questionnaire survey targeting on finding out the causes of variations plus the semi-structured interviews carried out with getting data about nature plus the impacts of the changes. The outcome was the change in demand does do rise plus the mind power being reasons for an owner with the faults together with the layout differences in Bill of Quantities being for consultant originated variations (Woolley, 2001). Ming Sun (2009) let the cat out of the bag that on many building projects, the regular differences did land into cost overruns, to time delays, to quality faults. To fill the knowledge gap then reviewing plus synthesizing the already literature that is on project difference did causes plus the impacts, the coming up of two taxonomies for difference causes plus the difference effects and finally the illustration of how the taxonomies were being used. Arain and Peng (2005), explained on the coming up of the Knowledge Based Decision Support System (KBDSS) meant formanagement that is of variation orders for the institutional buildings that are in Singapore. KBDSS got two primary parts, a knowledgebase matched with the decision support shell that is for choosing the appropriate controls. So as to come up with the database then the accumulation of information that is from usually the source documents of 79 institutional construction projects, the questionnaire survey, the literature review. KBDSS does do exhibits their pertinent details plus as variations, the assortment of filtered knowledge. Sambasivan Soon (2005) said that the problem of delays usually within the construction industry is a worldwide phenomenon with the construction industry in Malaysia being included. The important objective is to finding out the delay variables effect that is on the job conclusion. According to the study were the following factors causing delay, the contractors improper preparation, the contractor's site mismanagement, insufficiency of the contractor expertise, the inadequacy of the owner's financing plus the payments that is for the finished work, the challenges that is with subcontractors plus an empirical relationship in between each cause plus impact. A. Koushki et al., (2005) carried out the delays plus cost rise usually in the construction that is of private residential projects that are in Kuwait, in the time-delays plus the cost increases often associated with the construction of private housing projects that is in the State of Kuwait were determined. Major projects Sakhel, Geissen, Vogelpohl, (2017) Oman Convention Exhibition Centre is one of the projects that accumulated US$1 billion, with the approximation end date being in 2016. Two was the Sohar Airport costing US$500 million, with an estimate end date being 2014. Three is the Salalah Port expansion that cost was US$450 million. Four was the Omans national rail network whose value is not defined till now, but the targeted end date is 2018. Five is the Duqm city, the drydocks plus the refinery whose cost is US$20 billion. Six is the Ghubrah Independent Water Project whose cost is US$380 million with the end date approximation being 2014. Seven is the Batinah Expressway whose cost is US$2.59 billion. Eight is the Muscat Salalah International Airport expansion whose cost is US$5.2 billion and finally is the Salalah Medical City with a cost of US$1 billion. Methodology The source of the data that was required was collected from the clients plus the consultantsrecords to show each activity carried out. The forms of data collection were usually designed by authors so as to unify the data collection that is for all delay. The indices for delay used for comparison involved the percentage of delay, the percentage of delay plus the average delay rate (Biddle Emmett, 2013) The secondary sources were the most used ones. I have studied the plans for the Oman construction from the booklets, the publications issued by this Ministry of development time to time about the topic plus from books, from newspapers, from magazine together with the internet. Also a good review on thirty-eight public building projects usually on non-similar project kinds together with the sizes that is plus the residential, the offices plus the infrastructure and the service projects with the aim of investigating the cost overrun status (Hamilton, 2005). Conclusions Construction is a labor-intensive industry making labor productivity to remain the industry's predominant identifier of performance. Amongst the biggest challenges facing the construction sector in the Sultanate of Oman is usually the low labor productivity hence if identification, exploration plus the ranking making is the goal. Issues that are caused by the delay usually incompletion that is of construction projects generally in Oman got to be diagnosed and assessed hence to conclusion that; the delay in building the projects in Oman between the 2007-2009 is greater than 40 percent that is usually the planned time, and according to this percentage it shows a high rate. The owners minding about the delay generally in the construction projects does do build up capabilities of studying their plans in each given stage. The maximum delay between 2007-2009 was found to be 300 per cent hence need for studying the planning plus the efficiency of the right building forums. 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Experimental pilot project for automating street lighting system in Abu Dhabi using powerline communications. 2, 743-746 Vol.2. Gerwick, B. C. (1993). Construction of prestressed concrete structures. New York, Wiley. Gonzalez P., Gonzalez V., Molenaar K., Orozco F. (2014). Analysis of causes of delay and time performance in construction projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 140. Hamilton, J. (2005). Primary and secondary sources. Edina, Minn, ABDO Pub. Hoshiyama, Y. (2006). Construction of a deep-water earthquake-resistant container terminal by the jacket method. On Course : P.I.A.N.C. Magazine A.I.P.C.N. 37-44. Ibrahim Mahamid, A. Al-Ghonamy, M. Aichouni. (2015). Risk Matrix for Delay Causes in Construction Projects in Saudi Arabia. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology. 9, 666-671. International Conference of Green Building Materials and Energy-Saving Construction, DU, Z., Wang, Z. (2011). Green building materials and energy-saving construction: selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2011 International Conference of Green Building Materials and Energy-saving Construction (GBMEC 2011) will be held on August 6, 2011 in Harbin, China. Durnten-Zurich, Switzerland, Trans Tech. Keane, P. J., Caletka, A. F. (2015). Delay Analysis in Construction Contracts. Hoboken, Wiley. Konar, B. (2011). Critical evaluation and thermodynamic optimization of the iron-rare-earth systems. Montreal, McGill University Libraries. Oman. (1977). Loan agreement (highway maintenance project) between Sultanate of Oman and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. [Washington, D.C.], [World Bank]. Orozco, F., Gonza?lez, P., Molenaar, K., Gonza?lez, V. (2014). Analysis of Causes of Delay and Time Performance in Construction Projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 140. Orstavik, F., Dainty, A. R. J., Abbott, C. (2015). Construction Innovation. Hoboken, Wiley Ramady, M. A. (2014). Political, Economic and Financial Country Risk: Analysis of the Gulf Cooperation Council. Rickman, S. B. (2008). Nancy Love and the WASP ferry pilots of World War II. Denton, Tex, University of North Texas Press. Sakhel, S. R., Geissen, S.-U., Vogelpohl, A. (2017). Virtual industrial water usage and wastewater generation in the Middle East and North Africa 2011-2015. Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration. 2, 1-18. Sanderson, C. J. (2006). Analytical models for decision making. Maidenhead, Open University Press. S?Elih, J., Srdic?, A. (2006). Time and cause delay analysis in construction projects. Me?unarodna Konferencija 2006 Savremeni Problemi U Gra?evinarstvu. Trankell, I.-B. (1999). On the road in Laos: an anthropological study of road construction and rural communities. Bangkok, White Lotus Press, Uppsala University. United States, Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District. (1974). Larkspur Ferry Terminal supplemental no. 1 to final environmental statement, the Golden Gate ferry and bus service project. [Place of publication not identified], Urban Mass Transportation Administration. Virine, L., Trumper, M. (2015). Predicting the unpredictable: how to analyze project risks using event chain methodology. PM Network. 29. Wisconsin. (1977). Proposed project to rehabilitate the Arthur K. Atkinson Car Ferry and improve cross Lake Michigan car ferry service. Madison, Wis, The Division. Woolley, R. D. D. (2001). Find your way around JCT 98: private with quantities. London, Spon Press. World Bank. (1985). Report and recommendation of the president of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development to the executive directors on a proposed loan in the amount equivalent to US$3.0 million to the Sultanate of Oman for a third highway maintenance project. [Washington], World Bank. World Bank. (1985). Staff appraisal report: Sultanate of Oman : a highway maintenance project. [Washington], World Bank.

The Caning Punishment Issue Essay Example For Students

The Caning Punishment Issue Essay Comp/2nd1/14/97The Caning Punishment IssueReintroducing corporeal punishment would lower the crime rate and give some justice to the victims. There should be a defined level to the punishment and to which crimes it should be dealt. Establishing such laws should also take in to account the growing crime rate and the need to solve this problem. America broke free from the rule of England because of the injustices they believed were being done to them. One of the things the Americans wanted to break free of was cruel and unusual punishment. It is one of the things that makes our country what it is today for better or worse. A Caning, which can leave the person scarred for life, is a cruel and unusual punishment for repairable damage against private property. Still measures must be taken to stop criminal activity. We will write a custom essay on The Caning Punishment Issue specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A caning for stealing or trying to kill someone would be a reasonable level to introduce corporeal punishment. Men committing such crimes would normally be sent to jail. While not being free is bad, these men really lose nothing but time. The victim should also get the relief of seeing some damage done for his pains. This would be a little bit of vengeance for the victim. As a victim this might not set it right but it would help them feel a little better. This would also make a very big impression on me. If I knew I could get a very bad lashing for doing something wrong, I would not do it. With the growing crime rate some different actions have to be taken. What we are doing now is not working very well. Corporeal punishment seems like a good place to start.It is a deterrent step which we could take without expanding the use of the death penalty. Corporeal punishment instituted to a limited degree, not to the level they have in Singapore, would lower crime. Singapore has a $316 fine for chewing gum which is wrong and to the extreme for such a small crime. Similar laws in our country would not be possible because they would violate our constitutional rights. Yet, reserved for more serious crimes well define corporeal punishment would help lower our crime rate and help give comfort to the victims of the criminals. Category: English

Free Essays on Vasco Da Gama

Vasco Da Gama Vasco De Gama was a Portuguese explorer, born in the year 1460, to a noble family in Sines, Portugal, and died in Cochin, India, on December 24, 1524. He was responsible for the discovery of an oceanic route from Portugal to the east. From a tender age, De Gama had a taste for the sea. He grew up in a sea-faring environment where fishing, swimming, boating, and sailing had a huge impact in shaping his future as an explorer. He was simply a gentleman at the court of King Manuel when he was commissioned for his famous voyage. King Manuel’s plan was to remove the â€Å"Muslim middleman†. He desired Portuguese supremacy over the oriental oceanic trades and did this by sending Da Gama on this voyage. This voyage was to be the first step towards the realization of King Manuel’s ambitions for Portugal. After only his first voyage, Vasco Da Gama had accomplished the same amount of great discoveries and fame that took many other explorers their lifetimes to gain. He ac hieved King Manuel’s goal of discovering a sea route to India, which opened a major oceanic trade for Portugal. On July 8, 1497 Da Gama departed from the Tagus River in Lisbon, Portugal.1 His objectives were to establish a sea route to India in order to engage in the eastern spice trade and make contact and treaties with local Christian rulers. Da Gama voyage consisted of four ships. He commanded St. Gabriella, which was the flagship, accompanied by St. Raphael, Berrio, and St. Marin, which contained large amount of supplies. These ships were also well armed for safety (852). Da Gama was ahead of his time, thanks mostly to an intelligent system of organization, which was provided by the nautical schools that King Henry established. He took advantage of wind patterns, which were helpful and swung southwest instead of taking the usual direct route towards the Cape of Good Hope. In doing so, they got the most favorable winds. Da Gama, therefore, achieved t... Free Essays on Vasco Da Gama Free Essays on Vasco Da Gama Vasco Da Gama Vasco De Gama was a Portuguese explorer, born in the year 1460, to a noble family in Sines, Portugal, and died in Cochin, India, on December 24, 1524. He was responsible for the discovery of an oceanic route from Portugal to the east. From a tender age, De Gama had a taste for the sea. He grew up in a sea-faring environment where fishing, swimming, boating, and sailing had a huge impact in shaping his future as an explorer. He was simply a gentleman at the court of King Manuel when he was commissioned for his famous voyage. King Manuel’s plan was to remove the â€Å"Muslim middleman†. He desired Portuguese supremacy over the oriental oceanic trades and did this by sending Da Gama on this voyage. This voyage was to be the first step towards the realization of King Manuel’s ambitions for Portugal. After only his first voyage, Vasco Da Gama had accomplished the same amount of great discoveries and fame that took many other explorers their lifetimes to gain. He ac hieved King Manuel’s goal of discovering a sea route to India, which opened a major oceanic trade for Portugal. On July 8, 1497 Da Gama departed from the Tagus River in Lisbon, Portugal.1 His objectives were to establish a sea route to India in order to engage in the eastern spice trade and make contact and treaties with local Christian rulers. Da Gama voyage consisted of four ships. He commanded St. Gabriella, which was the flagship, accompanied by St. Raphael, Berrio, and St. Marin, which contained large amount of supplies. These ships were also well armed for safety (852). Da Gama was ahead of his time, thanks mostly to an intelligent system of organization, which was provided by the nautical schools that King Henry established. He took advantage of wind patterns, which were helpful and swung southwest instead of taking the usual direct route towards the Cape of Good Hope. In doing so, they got the most favorable winds. Da Gama, therefore, achieved t...

Data Centers Routing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Data Centers Routing - Research Paper Example It had been established that the traditional architectural networks failed to meet the basic requirements of information as well as communication technology in efficiently supporting business in the society with effectiveness. It is important to underscore the high costs that were associated with the ancient networking structural format (Abts & Kim, 2011). Maintenance of multiple networks made up of different architectures with each having its own unique characteristics, tools, and the set of technical skills always increases the costs of operation and decreases the adaptability to the highly dynamic business requirements. It is imperative to underscore the fact that data centers are mostly driven by a wide variety of computer services and this includes the search engines, online office together with social networking as well as information technology or even infrastructural outsourcing. The main motivation behind the increasing demand for data center network is for the firms to enjo y economy of scale arising from large amounts of data and connect many servers .The most important issue is how to connect a sizable number of servers with an efficient routing system. In this research, the concept of basic data routing will be explored to establish the possibilities of developing the most efficient and cost effective data center networks. There are various motivational factors as well as obstacles that surround the application of data center routing. The basic foundation of supporting many applications of the internet is pegged on data centers (Abts & Kim, 2011). This information technology concept is also instrumental in the operation of the enterprises and scientific operation. The principal challenge in this concept is how to develop a data intensive communication through a large scale data center routing that can link many servers in a system of computers. It has been found out that data center network’s server centric plays the role of being the host as well as

President Grover Cleveland Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

President Grover Cleveland - Research Paper Example He was also nick named as Uncle Jumbo. His commitment towards truth and honesty can be witnessed in his famous words; â€Å"To be president, you should have honesty. Honesty is always telling the truth. Do you tell the truth? Above all tell the truth† (American President – Grover Cleveland). Cleveland has contributed heavily to American politics and social life. This paper analyses Cleveland’s life and his contributions to American politics and society. Cleveland was born on March 18, 1837 in Caldwell, New Jersey. He grew up in New York. He started attending school at the age of 11. When his father died in 1853, Cleveland left school to work and support his family. He moved in 1855 to live and work with his Uncle in Buffalo, New York. He studied law in Buffalo and was admitted to the bar in 1859 (Kelly) Cleveland got married only after he became the twenty second president of America. Probably, he is the only president in the history of America who got married as a president of America. He was 49 at the time of his marriage and his wife Frances Folsom was only 21 at that time. He had five children (three daughters and two sons) in this relationship; however he was alleged to have another child in a premarital relationship. During the Civil War he had hired a substitute when drafted into the army. This was perfectly legal but certainly a disadvantage at a time when most successful northern politicians made much of their military achievements in defense of the Union. More serious still, Cleveland was the father of an illegitimate child. He had provided for the support of the child, but in those Victorian times knowledge of his transgression, should it become widely known, seemed sure to cost him heavily at the polls. Yet three years later he was elected president of the United States (Garraty) The election of Cleveland as America’s president is still mysterious to many people. Cleveland never possessed the normal qualities required for getting the candidature of Democratic Party. He was not much educated and had some illegal relationships while he was selected as the Democratic Marty candidate for presidential election. Military service was compulsory in American military; however he escaped from that using by drafting a substitute into the military. In short, none of his personal, academic or professional achievements or qualities were popular; yet he succeeded in winning the president election purely because of his anti-corruption stands and some other popular opinions he expressed on various issues. Cleveland started his political life during the latter half of nineteenth century after the completion of his law studies. He has gained immense publicity because of his anti-corruption stands since corruption was widespread in American political and social life circuits. He has taken Democratic Party membership and won the mayor election of Buffalo in 1882. Later, (during the period 1883-1885) he became the govern or of New York. He has caught the attention of the people not because of his fight against corruption alone; but because of his stands against tariffs, inflation, imperialism etc. He has demanded political and economic reforms in America which made him the real hero of American politics during the latter part of nineteenth century. Cleveland's phenomenal political rise was not entirely due to his honesty and courage, which were considerable. His unusual success was possible because the American people had become

Hostility and aggression Essay Example for Free

Hostility and aggression Essay This tells the audience automatically that when he feels he has no power against his family he tries to prove himself so that he would get recognised for his qualities of being a man. So therefore he proves his manliness by showing Rodolpho a few passes of boxing, but really show that he is man but Rodolpho isnt. He shows Rodolpho some boxing to make him and everyone understand that if you want to be a man you need to know how to fight. It was also as if Eddie had purposely asked Rodlopho to try a bit of boxing so that Eddie could hit him, but instead make it seem accidental. From this part the tension starts to build up between Eddie Rodolpho and Marco. The final idea Eddie would consider as manliness id for his name to be respected. He is very dominant over his name and doesnt like to be seen as a bad person. I want my name! (Page 82) Eddie is extremely protective over his reputation in his neighbourhood as he would hate for anyone to make him out as a bad person or anything that would destroy his existent in his community. Eddie is a forceful, energetic and obsessive character, but he is also a character who can show warmth and some generosity. It is obvious throughout the play that he has unnatural feelings for his niece Catherine as he lays down the rules for her not to expose herself. Eddie always comments on the clothes she wears as if they were inappropriate for anyone to see but him. where you goin all dressed up? (Page 13) Rodolphos manliness is completely different to Eddies Standard of manliness. Rodolphos manliness doesnt really measure up to Eddies as they both have very different qualities. Eddie has many different things that he considers to be manly, and feels that Rodolpho does not conform to his idea of masculinity because he can cook, sing and make dresses. Rodolpho is a young man who is seemed to be attracted by Catherine. We know this because he explains his wonderful features, in a conversation with Beatrice. hes a good-lookin fella (Page 34) His sense of humour is not missed in this play, we can tell that hes quite funny and is on the good side of a lot of people except Eddie. This is because Rodolpho is man of many talents, such as he can cook, sing and make dresses. When any of these are mentioned around Eddie he makes it sound as if as if Rodolpho isnt a man but a homosexual. Eddie tries to humiliate Rodolpho informant of Catherine to make Rodolpho look bad because he isnt a typical man so Eddie tries to insults him by being sarcastic. Eddie may come across as not liking Rodolpho as a person, but it is obvious that the only reason he doesnt like him is because of his talents, he sneers at Rodolphos Talents as if he is jealous because he and Catherine have taken a shine to each other. He also feels quite envious of Rodolpho because Catherine doesnt care about Rodlphos manliness but only of the things that really matter such as the personality. Rodolpho shows a romantic quality towards Catherine, as soon as he entered the play they had fallen in love with one another. Eddie feels Rodolphos doesnt love Catherine, but is putting on an act to become an American citizen. Katie, hes only bowin to his passport. (Page 41) Catherine thinks this is untrue and believes that he truly loves her, and that hed never do anything like that. Rdodlphos and Catherines love is very powerful and is quite genuine. My heart dies to look at you. (Page 61) Rodlphos character is made known through his caring personality. He is thoughtful, sensitive and is an intelligent person who feels a sense of responsibility for those who he loves. Rodolphos idea of manliness is to provide for Catherine and support her through everything. Hed hate to see her suffering for him. How can I bring you from a rich country to suffer in a poor country? (Page 60) This implies that Rodolpho is worried for Catherines welfare if they lived in Italy. We can tell that he really wants to provide for her but feels he wont be able to because of the lack of jobs that are offered in Italy. So hed rather work hard in America to earn money so that he could support and provide for Catherine. We work hard, well work all day all night___ (Page 29) Rodolpho and his brother will do anything to get some money as they are desperate to provide their family back in Italy. They would rather work all night than do nothing at all for their family. This proves that they are very loyal to their families and when trouble strikes they always find a way through it. Rodolphos and Eddies manliness are very different. Between Eddie and Rodolpho, Rodolphos manliness does not measure up to Eddies standard as he all about being relaxed and calm, whereas Eddie is mainly about being powerful and being able to fight. They are two very different characters which are shown and articulated in loads of different ways, but mainly through their manliness. Marcos character is very powerful and he really shows his masculinity but you can see the clear difference between himself, Eddie and Rodolpho. Marco is a conventional man who thinks traditionally about how to support his wife and kids. Marco is seen as the strongest of the two brothers as he likes to defend his family if any sort of remark is made. For example when Eddie comments about how his wife will be unfaithful during his time away. I mean, you know-they count the kids and theres a couple extra than when they left? (Page 52) Marco responds very quickly and results by saying No-No the women wait, Eddie-most most very few surprises. (Page 52) This suggests that Marco can get aggressive over remarks like this but strides past it as he has a strong sense of responsibility to his family. Marco has a duty to his family whilst hes in America. Hes earning money for them so that they are able to eat as they are quite poor at the moment. Marco knows it was a risk arriving illegally to America but he thought about it and done what he thought was the best for his family. Marco shows he is responsible and always thinks before he acts. Marco doesnt really come across as the main character but more of an antagonist of the play. He hardly shows aggression unless he feels his family are getting exploited. Marco really feels the hurt when Eddie takes advantage of Rodolpho, so hes raged with anger about their boxing match. Marco then challenges Eddie to lifting a chair as some sort of revenge, to show Eddie up. [Marco face to face with Eddie a strained tension gripping his eyes and jaw, his neck stiff, the chair raised like a weapon over Eddies head] (Page 58) Marco challenges Eddie to see is he is a man like he insulted Rodolpho of not being a man. This shows that Marco is very defensive over his brother Rodolpho, it symbolises Marcos impending judgement and punishment, anticipates the way in which Marco, rather that Rodolpho, is to become Eddies main opponent. This proves that they are a very protective family who all look out for each other. Marcos Ideas of manliness is expresses very conventionally. Marco is a family man and came to America to earn money to support them. What can I do? The older one is sick in his chest. My wife-she feeds them from her own mouth. I tell you the truth, If I stay there they will never grow up. They eat the sunshine (Page 29) Marco really wants to support his family and feels America is his only option to do that. Marco has proven that hed do anything for his family. Whatever there is, anything (Page 28) All the men in this play have different ideas of manliness. Eddie is far more protective of Catherine than his own wife, he obviously loves Beatrice but not enough if she feels Eddie gives her less attention than Catherine. When am I going to be a wife again Eddie? (Page 36) She really feels unsettled around her husband and wishes he paid less attention to Catherine and more to her. Rodolpho is supportive; hes come over with his brother to earn money and to be able to buy the things hes always dreamed of. When I am rich, and I will buy a motorcycle. (Page 30) coming to America to earn money shows that it will change Rodolphos life, he will be able to buy anything that hes always dreamed of. Marco is the most traditional man, he really shows that he is powerful and a family man, who will always support them. Marco acts very conventionally towards his family, this could be because he may have been brought up this way, to be respectful and always support the wife. Hostility today is viewed upon as abuse, but in the time the play was written hostility was part of a day to day running of peoples lives. Hostility in the play is shown between Eddie and Rodolpho. When Rodolpho and Marco arrive Eddie feels quite insecure about his status in his household. Eddie tries hard to keep his status of being the man of the house whilst Rodolpho and Marco are around. Eddie is very hostile towards Rodolpho because he thinks he is a homosexual. Marco knows Eddie feels this way about Rodolpho, but doesnt quite understand why hed feel this way about a member of his family. Marco is very unhappy about this and so this then creates the aggression in the play. From the arrival of Rodolpho and Marco, various conflicts between Himself and Eddie have resulted in which Marco demonstrating his masculinity over Eddie. This then makes Eddie feel quite threatened and anxious. Eddie calls Rodolpho Danish rather than by his name to make fun of his appearance. Now, watch out, here I come, Danish! (Page 57) Eddie is mocking Rodolphos appearance because its not a typical mans appearance. Eddie refers to Rodolpho as Danish because he has blue eyes and blonde hair, but in other words a homosexual. This is an example of where Marco feels the anger of Eddie exploiting his Brother. It is also an example of where the hostility is clearly shown between Rodolpho and Eddie, and so this is where aggression is used between Marco and Eddie. Marco then demonstrates later his manliness to make Eddie nervous and regretful of his earlier actions towards Rodolpho. In the play a view from the Bridge the women are treated unfairly, and are constantly mocked by Eddie. The play also shows how Beatrice and Catherine are abused through verbal violence by eddies constant stereotyping. The way Beatrice and Catherine are indentified id through their aggression, they are no the sort of characters who show their aggression a lot but only when the tension starts to build when Rodolpho falls in love with Catherine, which is what Eddie finds hard to deal with. Beatrice is one of the very caring characters of the play, she is always there for everyone and this is one thing that Beatrice gets mocked for by her husband Eddie. He says to her Im just worried about you, thats all Im worried (page 61) this suggests that Eddie has got tight grips on her and that she should stop being caring and nice to people. Beatrice is always in the middle of any arguments and ends up being the mediator, but at the same time shes always trying to please her husband so he treats her the way she wants to be treated. Beatrice is always tied between her Husband and everyone else. This implies that Eddie has a lot of control over her and he has trained her well as being his wife. Eddie feels that he needs to mock Beatrice to feel a sense of power. Catherine is a young lady who is growing up to be a woman. She has met the man of her dreams and wants to marry him, but theres only one thing stopping her, Eddie. Eddie has brought up Catherine like a daughter but has experienced feelings for her that are unnatural which he and Catherine cant quite understand. Eddie has looked after Catherine for so long that he has developed a possessiveness over her. He has become overprotective and is unable to let go of her after all the years he has taken care of her. When Catherine comes home and explains what she thinks is good news to Eddie and Beatrice, Eddie is furious over how she could take a job without his permission. I should take the job at the end of the year (Page 18) she explains how much good it will be for her but he just keeps going on about how young she is and is only still a child. This shows that Eddie is not yet ready to let go of Catherine but if he doesnt she will disown him and then he would probably never see her again. Eddie has shown that he is quite a controlling man and also that he has a caring side to him but it is expressed through his anger by him being very manipulative towards his wife Beatrice and nice Catherine.

Teens and Sex - Sex in the New Millinium :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Sex in the New Millinium    References to sexuality and sexual activities seem s to surround the American public in everything we do. Movies, music, the Bible, religion and politics are all related to sexuality and sexual activities in one way or another.    MTV, the first 24-hour music network, has been structured around youths ranging from the age of 12 to 34. In fact 28% of their viewership is under the age of 18. You ask why bring MTV into something sexual? Well, the music videos shown tend to center their theme on gender portrayal sand sexual or violent content. Women are portrayed as passive characters and sexual objects. 81% of the videos that contain violence also contain sexual imagery. Some videos that contain certain lyrics and actions about sexuality and sexual behavior can encourage a na†¹ve child to do something that they should not be doing. So why do producers keep making videos that are so harmful to our youth? They do this because sexual imagery increases the appeal of the music videos. Certainly, the language of music videos includes a variety of symbols and images.    For any individual, regardless of sexual inclination, to embrace the vague sexual desires is to claim a nature that God never intended for us. On the other hand, to make sharp distinctions among human beings, in terms of à ¾homosexuals and heterosexualsà ¾, is underestimating how permanently self-referential and self-absorbed our society is. How does the church feel about sexuality? A individual is not born à ¾gayà ¾ or à ¾straightà ¾ they are born à ¾maleà ¾ or à ¾femaleà ¾. The church of the 90à ¾s has accepted the gay community for whom they are and what they believe in. However, they feel that God did not create them with these ideas in mind. The gays just acquired them from society.    Something that I came across time and time again as I researched sexuality was what is the main influence on someone that helps them decide their sexuality and their sexual actions? Through research, it seems as though our society is convinced that parents and the educational system must interact with young children and teach them about sex. By instilling strong morals and values in our children, parents feel that they will make the à ¾rightà ¾ decisions when it comes to anything sexual. But who is the one to decide what is à ¾rightà ¾ and what is à ¾wrongà ¾.

Amerindians of the Caribbean

Content Topic†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Appearance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3-4 Entertainment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Housing †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5-6 Survival (farming and hunting)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6-8 Religion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Topic: The Arawak of Guyana, their cultures, land use patterns and their effect on the landscape and biota. Introduction The Arawaks are thought to have settled at Hosororo creek on the Aruka River around 3,500 years ago. They planted manioc (manihot esculenta) which they baked into bread on ceramic griddles on the hilltops. Arawaks occupied the Corentyne River also around 2,000 years ago leaving a unique type of rock engraving, called Timehri Petroglyphs.Due to the amount of rich protein supply found along the coastal swamps, the Arawaks moved hundreds of tons of earth with wooden shovels , in order to build habitation mounds and raised fields for farming. According to Denis Williams this settlement strategy has sustained human population on coastal swamps during the European era and into the present. During the rainy season the Arawaks hunted a lot, when animals were said to migrate from lowlands in search of high ground. Animals commonly hunted were the deer, tapir, labba, wild hog, agouti, birds, parrots and turtles.They were known as food producers, also they are also known for their pottery making skills as they were the first people to bring pottery to Guyana. The Arawaks have made great contributions to Guyana culture, today many places are named by the Arawaks, most of our rivers and creeks are named by the Arawaks. The Arawak nation is deemed the most intelligent of the Amerindian nations. Fig. 1 Map of Guyana showing the location of the Arawaks History The Amerindians is said to be the first inhabitants to Guyana who entered the territory about 11,000 years ago.Amerindians initially lived on low, swampy coastland regions. The coastal plain was built up by alluvial deposits from the rising Atlantic Ocean ranging from 17,000 to 6000 years ago. The Arawak nation is said to be the second nation to arrive in Guyana after the Warraus who came before approximately 84000 years ago. It is said that a number of Arawak tribes have been extinct for several hundreds of years. What could have happened that would bring a population that once numbered 2 to 3 million down to just a few thousand by the early part of the 16th century?Throughout history the Arawak were subject to many hostile take-overs, diseases, enslavement, damage to food supplies and much more. Inevitably, by the end of the 16th century the Island Arawak had become extinct. Sadly, the Arawak Indians have been eliminated or greatly reduced in number in many areas, some of which include the Caribbean, Guadeloupe, West Indies, Barbados, and the Virgin Islands. Their numbers have been sl owly rising, so that today upwards of 30, 000 Arawak currently reside in Guyana, with a very small number existing in Suriname and French Guiana. AppearanceBecause of the broad distribution of the Arawaks, little uniformity can be found in their culture or racial type. It has been found though that the language they speak distinguish them from the rest of the world. The Arawaks were well shaped, slightly built and medium height. It appeared that they were physically weak in comparison with the Africans and Europeans. Their skin was â€Å"olive† which mean smooth and brown. The Arawaks were considered naturally good- looking but distorted their features by artificial means. As babies their heads were flattened at the forehead, this elongated head was considered a mark of beauty.This is thought to have been done to thicken the skull thus it could withstand heavy blows. The Arawaks had broad nose and their nostrils probably flared wide. Their hair was straight and black but coar se and was usually worn long. Figure 2: showing an Arawak family The Arawak men painted their bodies with bright colored dyes with clay and fat mixed all over smearing patterns all over their bodies: â€Å"some of them †¦ with black, others white and others red, most of them on their bodies and some on their faces, and eyes or only the nose†.The favorite paint was Roucou a red dye, besides being colorful, the clay and grease kept insects and rain off. The Arawaks also had body piercings and wore ornaments made from clay, shell and cotton. A plate of gold and copper alloy called the guanin was worn by chiefs who also dressed in gold crowns and feather headdresses. Sometimes the Arawaks had gold in their noses as plugs or hanging ornaments. The Arawaks saw gold as nothing more than a form of decoration. The women wore simple bead aprons and necklaces. A number of small amulets (Fig. ) or charms were carried in sacks around the neck, foot and wrist. Others made from cotton; shell and clay were woven into hair. Figure 3: showing amulets worn or carried by the Arawaks Entertainment The Arawaks had ample leisure time and many festivals marked by the Arawak year, some religious and some not so. For example the naming of a baby was time to rejoicing of the Arawaks that a child without a name will meet with great misfortune. The wedding of a cacique and the inauguration of a new cacique were times of festivity.Arawaks are fond of sports, although not competitive like us. The favorite sport called batos was a ball game with the cross between volleyball and football. The game was played with a hard rubber ball. The main aim of the game was to keep the ball in the air using only the thighs and never touching the hands or feet. The most well-known of the Arawaks' pleasure was that of smoking. The Arawaks called the tobacco plant cohiba and the pipe for smoking the leaves, tabaco. The Arawaks liked tobacco for peace and contentment, and for helping them to medit ate.They made cigars and smoked it in a pipe which they enjoyed very much. Fig. 4: showing Arawak harvesting and smoking tobacco Housing All the Arawaks needed were a shelter to keep off rain. Arawak houses were rectangular with steep thatched roofs. The larger ones had a covered porch before the door. The construction of these houses is rather simple. Wooden posts were put into the ground in a circle and canes were woven between them and tied with creepers. The roof was thatched in a conical shape and a hole was left at the top to allow smoke to escape.There were no windows and only an opening was left for a door and the houses were thoroughly built and could withstand hurricanes. The tasks of building houses were done by the men. Fig. 5: showing the house of an Arawak Survival (farming and hunting) The Arawaks were subsistence farmers, growing food mainly for their own needs and with a little left over for trade. Some crops are shown in fig. . They cut down trees to make room for planting and used the â€Å"slash-and-burn† method of farming. This is a simple method where the land was burnt to clear it of weeds and bush.The ash produced was mixed with fish and urine to produce fertilizer to help prolong the productiveness of the land. Crops were then planted in the ashes among the blackened tree stumps. These primitive farmers did not practice crop rotation, after about five to ten years, the soil would become exhausted, and the village would proceed to clear fresh land, however, slash and burn is no longer used. Instead, shifting cultivation is their new form of farming. Women did the planting and were responsible for the preparation of food.The crop cassava (also known manioc), slips were cut from the stem and planted in mounds on the level earth. Cassava was planted twice a year when the soil was damp. The Arawaks ate a variety of other fruits and vegetables including pineapples, star apples, guavas and cashews. The Arawaks did not touch mammy apple s as they believed that it was food for the dead. Arawaks did not rely on field crops for all their food. Due to living on the coast oceans and rivers were rich in foods which needed little effort to gather: shellfish, turtle eggs, snails and gull.Huge piles of shells have been found among the remains of camp sites. Arawaks trapped many small animals including bots, lizards, snakes, iguanas and agouties. The only domestic animal known to Arawaks was a small dog. Fig. 6: Showing some crops grown by Arawak As mentioned, the women were also responsible for all food preparations. The main food of the Arawaks was cassava, which required special preparation since it was poisonous in its natural state. First, the root was grated on a board covered small pebbles or rough coral until it formed a paste. Fig. 4 is an indication of this tool.This was put into a wicker tube, one end of which was hung from a branch, while a weight was attached to the other end. This caused the tube to contract, a nd forced the poisonous liquid out through the wicker. The remaining paste was left to dry and then pounded into flour using a stone mortar and pestle. The flour was formed into flat cakes and baked on a clay griddle until they were hard and dry. In this way, the cassava flour could keep from an extended period of time. Fig. 7: showing an Arawak grind stone Seasoning played a big part in food preparation. Salt and especially pepper were the common seasonings used.In addition, a sauce called cassareep, which was made of cassava juice, salt and pepper was frequently used, especially when serving the Arawaks' simplest dish, ‘pepperpot’. Note that both cassareep and pepperpot are widely used throughout Guyana today. Pepperpot was prepared in a large clay pot. Cassava juice, with the poison extracted of course, beans, peanuts, potato and some meat were all allowed to simmer. This pot of soup was used to feed a family about three times a day and as the pot is emptied, more in gredients are added so that one can have pepperpot at any time of the day or night.The Arawaks could also make intoxicating drinks out of cassava and maize such as piwari and cassiri, but drunkenness was uncommon except on some ceremonial occasions. However, smoking tobacco was a big part of the Arawak culture. Religion The Arawaks’ religious believe was called animism and was based on a spirit world, this practice aimed at honoring the spirit god. However Hillhouse claimed that the Arawaks worshipped the universal creator, a supreme being who they called Aluberi. They also believed that the sky was the source of all things powerful and good.Certain men in society were single out to explain the mysterious and control the spirit world. They were called shamans or piaimen and were said to have supernatural powers. Arawaks believe that disease was nothing but the presence of evil spirit. These medicine men had the power possessed to drive out disease. The piaimen were versed in the knowledge of herbs to treat disease. Connected with the belief in evil spirits also was the Kanaima. The Kanaima would track down its victims for years for the sake of revenge.He was thought to be an evil spirit in the form of a man. References Some notes on the Amerindians of Guyana Then and Now. Compiled by Shebana Daniel Uncle Basil: An Arawak Biography. By Justin Greene- Roesel The Prehistoric Arawak of Guyana. By Jennifer Wishart, Walter Roth Museum The Amerindians and the Europeans. By M. N. Menezes http://www. google. ca/imgres? q=Arawaks+of+Guyana//html accessed December 10, 2012 http://www. google. gy/imgres? q=arawak+smoking+tobaccocigarettes. org/history. html accessed December 10, 2012

Essay Urban Deisgn - 2330 Words

Urban design continues to exist in our everyday lives. The elegance of buildings and their architectural structure stand out in cities competing to show their uniqueness and radiance. Not every urban design can show off their styles. The buildings people pass by in every day urban areas manage to connect with people. The urban design has different forms; it can be either contemporary or futuristic. It is interesting to investigate about just how futuristic can a design be and how acceptable it can become to the public. In other words, the adaptation of the urban design is a critical challenge to how well the architectural creation can survive the judgments and the modern conception in the society regarding the constructions. So how is†¦show more content†¦It is the gift of its designers and makers to the future. Urban design is essentially an ethical effort, inspired by the vision of public art and architecture and reified by the science of construction.† In other words, urban design has this kind of approach and effect that it is not only visually pleasing but also lively. In addition, urban design is a profession that concerns ideas and possibilities in creative articulation of space in this kind of field. In short, it shapes environments with the experiential quality of the physical forms and spaces. The creation of space in urban design is also regarded as the most prominent aspect of urban design. The artistic principles that are an part of creating form and spatial definition consists of multiple elements such as order, unity, balance, scale, symmetry, rhythm, contrast, and texture, etc. With the elements all combined together, it creates a stunning scene of beauty. Not surprisingly, like indicated before, urban design involves place-making, the creation of a setting that imparts a sense of place to an area. This process of place-making is achieved by establishing unique architecture in neighborhood to make it identifiable. The lovely vistas, identifiable landmarks and focal points, and a human element established by compatible scales of developm entShow MoreRelatedHotel Analysis : Hotel Inn4986 Words   |  20 Pageslocal character ïÆ' ¼ Stylish: Fashionably elegant; Refined taste ïÆ' ¼ Contemporary: Following modern ideas of design and style BRAND POSITIONING â€Å"Contemporary and sophisticated hospitality delivering the authentic essence of the city.† BRAND DEISGN The brand design of The Set reflects to the essence of its brand proposition. The visual representation of The Set logotype relates it to the primary branding of each hotel as an endorsement. Each hotel name is branded in a typeface common to allRead MoreImproving Profitability By Applying Sustainable Strategies9898 Words   |  40 Pagesfor guests to enjoy, including The Club at Cafà © Royal, an exclusive space accessible to private members and suite guests only and a fully dedicated meeting and event centre. To complete the hotel, the Akasha Holistic Wellbeing Centre is a stunning urban retreat with a large lap pool, fully equipped gym, schedule of classes from leading experts and offering signature treatments. Guestrooms Suites Designed to feel like luxurious private apartments, the guestrooms and suites at Hotel Cafà © Royal are